Non-technical aspects of construction include funding, organisations, company history, labour, education and historical sources. Among technical issues covered in Construction History are construction materials and components, buildings, infrastructure, building form, construction processes and plant. The scope embraces both technical and non-technical aspects of construction history. The journal covers all aspects of construction history and recent papers have ranged from buildings in early China to construction processes in the modern USA, and from nineteenth century British bridge building to the use of concrete in India and Mexico. It is the leading international journal in its field, and enjoys a high reputation in the diversity, breadth and detail of its coverage. The paper discusses the changes to the working practices of Chicago and New York architects in the decades either side of 1900, in order to meet the unprecedented demands of developers and general contractors, to create modern architectural engineering and the new approach to building design and procurement that we know today.Ĭonstruction History, the journal of the Construction History Society, is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal which is published annually.
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Cass Gilbert was one of the pioneering New York architects who embraced the new Chicago methods, working closely with engineers while managing to integrate their contribution within the professional ethos he held from his Beaux Arts origins. Developers and architects of the increasingly large and complex buildings also began working with general contractors to manage the growing number of specialist subcontractors, and to ensure delivery of projects on time and for an agreed price.
Chicago architects responded by changing their working practices, leaving behind the Beaux Arts tradition and involving specialist engineers to design the structural steel skeleton and modern building services including heating, ventilation and vertical transportation.
After the 1871 Chicago fire, speculative building developers in the central business district sought to maximize profits from their investment by demanding that architects increase the rentable space in their buildings.
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